全球綠色憲章中英文版

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1.      版本說明:這份文件是在西元20014月由澳洲坎培拉所進行的第一次全球綠人大會中所通過,並翻譯為法語、荷語、葡語等不同的語言版本(連結1);中文版本的部分有兩份:20015月台灣大學政治系學生所翻譯的草稿(「全球綠色聯盟憲章」:連結2),以及200611月中華綠黨的版本(連結3);但前者僅部分摘譯,並非全譯,而後者則納入了尚未經大會通過的修正案內容(連結4),因此20084月台灣綠黨試圖重新建立這份中文版本,並預期將它發佈於全球綠人的網站。

連結1http://www.globalgreens.info/globalcharter.php

連結2http://mai.nutn.edu.tw/~hycheng/2001May/GPartyConstitue.htm

連結3http://groups.google.com/group/greenpartycn/browse_thread/thread/ad829a5ba20b3992#

連結4http://www.global.greens.org.au/Chartermendments.pdf

 

2.      詞彙說明:在界定國際間的綠黨或綠色政治的這份文件中,有三個相似的詞語:Global Greens, Green Party, Green party,本文中分別將它們翻譯為:全球綠人、綠黨、綠色政黨。

 

3.      內容說明:英文版本中有幾個語意不明確的地方,分別為:政治行動6.66.76.14、以及7.6。於本文中以底線方式加註標記,另作說明於()內並將繼續與全球綠人詢問確認,將於確認之後進行更新。

 

4.      致謝本文件的完成,必須特別感謝:文魯彬汪恆祥、李涵茹、林震洋洪嘉敏、曾瑾珮、溫炳原等人的翻譯,以及李瑩的校稿。

 

5.      勘誤若有任何指正與討論意見,請聯絡:

 

綠黨,100台北市忠孝東路一段135樓,+886-2-2392-0508 這個 E-mail 地址已經被防止灌水惡意程式保護,您需要啟用 Java Script 才能觀看

 


CHARTER OF THE GLOBAL GREENS Canberra 2001              20086月版

2001坎培拉全球綠人憲章

 

defining what it means to be Green in the new millennium

定義在新的千禧年中「綠色」的意義

 

The Global Greens is the international network of Green parties and political movements

「全球綠人」是各綠色政黨與政治運動的國際網絡

 

Contents 內容

 

Preamble 導言..............................................................................................................................................3

Principles 六大原則................... .................................................................................................................6

Ecological Wisdom 生態智慧..................................................................................................................6

Social Justice 社會正義............................................................................................................................6

Participatory Democracy 參與式民主......................................................................................................7

Nonviolence 非暴力..................................................................................................................................9

Sustainability 滿足當代需求而不犧牲下代需求的永續...................................................................10

Respect for Diversity 尊重多元..............................................................................................................13

Political Action 政治行動..........................................................................................................................13

1. Democracy 民主..................................................................................................................................13

2. Equity 平等..........................................................................................................................................15

3. Climate Change and Energy 氣候變遷與能源..................................................................................17

4. Biodiversity 生物多樣性....................................................................................................................20

5. Governing economic globalisation by sustainability principles 以永續原則管理經濟全球化......22

6. Human rights 人權..............................................................................................................................25

7. Food and water 食物和水...................................................................................................................29

8. Sustainable planning 永續規劃..........................................................................................................31

9. Peace and security 和平與安全.........................................................................................................34

10. Acting globally 全球行動................................................................................................................37

 

Preamble 導言

We, as citizens of the planet and members of the Global Greens,

United in our aw­­areness that we depend on the Earth’s vitality, diversity and beauty, and that it is our responsibility to pass them on, undiminished or even improved, to the next generation  身為地球的一份子及全球綠人的一員,我們今日團結於此,因為:我們體認:人類對地球的生命力、多元性,及其美,倚賴之深切。我們有責任把地球交給後代子孫,不但要完好如初,還要有所增益;

 

Recognising that the dominant patterns of human production and consumption, based on the dogma of economic growth at any cost and the excessive and wasteful use of natural resources without considering Earth’s carrying capacity, are causing extreme deterioration in the environment and a massive extinction of species  我們認同:現今人類的生產與消費模式,都以經濟成長至上,不惜任何代價,加上揮霍、浪費自然資源,毫不考慮地球的承載力,因而造成了環境極度惡化,以及大規模的物種滅絕;

 

Acknowledging that injustice, racism, poverty, ignorance, corruption, crime and violence, armed conflict and the search for maximum short term profit are causing widespread human suffering  我們承認:不公義、種族主義、貧窮、無知、腐敗、犯罪、暴力、武裝衝突,以及短視近利,造成人類普遍的苦難;

 

Accepting that developed countries through their pursuit of economic and political goals have contributed to the degradation of the environment and of human dignity  我們接受:已開發國家在追求其經濟和政治目標的過程中,已經傷害了自然環境和人類尊嚴;

 

Understanding that many of the world’s peoples and nations have been impoverished by the long centuries of colonisation and exploitation, creating an ecological debt owed by the rich nations to those that have been impoverished  我們了解:世界上有許多民族和國家,因為長達幾世紀的殖民與剝削,變得資源枯竭而貧瘠,而這正在形成一種由富裕國家所擁有、卻由貧困國家所承受的生態債;

 

Committed to closing the gap between rich and poor and building a citizenship based on equal rights for all individuals in all spheres of social, economic, political and cultural life  我們承諾:要縮減貧富間的差距,並建立一種公民身份,其基礎是每個人在社會、經濟、政治和文化等生活方面的平等權利;

 

Recognising that without equality between men and women, no real democracy can be achieved  我們認同:如果兩性之間無法平等,真正的民主就無法實現;

 

Concerned for the dignity of humanity and the value of cultural heritage  我們關切:人類的尊嚴及文化遺產的價值;

 

Recognising the rights of indigenous people and their contribution to the common heritage, as well as the right of all minorities and oppressed peoples to their culture, religion, economic and cultural life  我們認同:原住民的權利,以及他們對人類共同遺產的貢獻;如同我們對於少數民族和受壓迫的民族,也認同其文化、信仰、經濟與傳統生活的權利;

 

Convinced that cooperation rather than competition is a pre-requisite for ensuring the guarantee of such human rights as nutritious food, comfortable shelter, health, education, fair labour, free speech, clean air, potable water and an unspoilt natural environment  我們深信:要確保各項人權,諸如:營養的食物、舒適的庇護所、健康、教育、公平勞動、言論自由、乾淨的空氣、飲水與健全的自然環境,其先決條件是合作而非競爭;

 

Recognising that the environment ignores borders between countries  我們認同:環境沒有國界之分

 

And Building on the Declaration of the Global Gathering of Greens at Rio in 1992  根據1992年的里約全球綠人大會宣言(Declaration of the Global Gathering of Greens at Rio in 1992);

 

Assert the need for fundamental changes in people’s attitudes, values, and ways of producing and living我們在此主張:在態度、價值觀、生產和生活方式上,人類需要從根本加以改變;

 

Declare that the new millennium provides a defining point to begin that Transformation  我們在此宣告:新的千禧年,就是開始進行改變的決定性時刻;

 

Resolve to promote a comprehensive concept of sustainability which  我們決心推動一種全面性的永續性觀念,此觀念包括:

u        protects and restores the integrity of the Earth’s ecosystems, with special concern for biodiversity and the natural processes that sustain life  保護及重建地球生態系統的完整,特別關注生物多元性,以及生命延續的自然規律

u        acknowledges the interrelatedness of all ecological, social and economic processes  承認生態、社會和經濟之間的相互關連

u        balances individual interests with the common good  均衡個人利益與公眾利益

u        harmonises freedom with responsibility  調和自由與責任

u        welcomes diversity within unity  欣然支持整體一致性中的多元差異

u        reconciles short term objectives with long term goals  調和短期目的與長期目標

u        ensures that future generations have the same right as the present generation to natural and cultural benefits  確保後代子孫能和我們一樣,有權享受自然及文化的益處

 

Affirm our responsibility to one another, to the greater community of life, and to future generations  我們矢志:肩負起對彼此、對更大的生命共同體,以及對後代子孫的責任;

 

Commit ourselves as Green parties and political movements from around the world to implement these interrelated principles and to create a global partnership in support of their fulfillment  我們承諾:身為全球各地綠黨與政治運動的成員,要實踐以下各項原則,並建立全球性的合作伙伴關係,幫助這些原則的實踐。


Principles 六大原則

The policies of the Global Greens are founded upon the principles of  全球綠人的行動策略建立在六大原則上:

 

Ecological Wisdom生態智慧

We acknowledge that human beings are part of the natural world and we respect the specific values of all forms of life, including non-human species.  We acknowledge the wisdom of the indigenous peoples of the world, as custodians of the land and its resources.  We acknowledge that human society depends on the ecological resources of the planet, and must ensure the integrity of ecosystems and preserve biodiversity and the resilience of life supporting systems. 我們承認人類是自然世界的一份子,對所有生命體──無論是人類或非人類的物種──我們都尊重其獨特的價值。我們肯定世界上各原住民族的智慧,他們是土地及各種資源的守護著。我們明白人類社會的生存,必須依賴地球上諸多生態資源,因此,人類必須確保生態系統的完整,保護生物多樣性及各維生系統的復元力。

 

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        that we learn to live within the ecological and resource limits of the planet  學習在生態資源和地球資源都有限的環境下生活;

 

u        that we protect animal and plant life, and life itself that is sustained by the natural elements: earth, water, air and sun  保護動、植物等生命體,以及創造生命之自然元素:土地、水、空氣、陽光;

 

u        where knowledge is limited, that we take the path of caution, in order to secure the continued abundance of the resources of the planet for present and future generations.  基於知識是有限的,而謹慎行事,以替現代與後代子孫,確保這星球上各種資源的持續豐饒。

 

Social Justice社會正義

We assert that the key to social justice is the equitable distribution of social and natural resources, both locally and globally, to meet basic human needs unconditionally, and to ensure that all citizens have full opportunities for personal and social development.  We declare that there is no social justice without environmental justice, and no environmental justice without social justice.  我們主張:社會正義的關鍵是,在區域及全球兩個層面上,公正地分配社會和自然資源,一視同仁滿足人類的基本需求,並確保每位公民在個人及社會發展上,都享有充分的機會。們要聲明:沒有環境正義,就沒有社會正義;而沒有社會正義,環境正義也將不存在。

 

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        a just organization of the world and a stable world economy which will close the widening gap between rich and poor, both within and between countries; balance the flow of resources from South to North; and lift the burden of debt on poor countries which prevents their development  一個公正的全球性組織,和穩定的世界經濟,以拉近國內與國際上,貧富之間日益擴大的落差;平衡從南往北的單向資源流動;撤銷限制貧窮國家發展的外債;

 

u        the eradication of poverty, as an ethical, social, economic, and ecological imperative  根絕貧窮,因為這是倫理、社會、經濟和生態上必須做的事;

 

u        the elimination of illiteracy  根除文盲;

 

u        a new vision of citizenship built on equal rights for all individuals regardless of gender, race, age, religion, class, ethnic or national origin, sexual orientation, disability, wealth or health  公民權的新願景,建立在人人享有平等權利的基礎上,不論性別、種族、年齡、宗教信仰、階級、民族或國籍、性傾向、身心殘障、財富或健康。

 

Participatory Democracy參與式民主

We strive for a democracy in which all citizens have the right to express their views, and are able to directly participate in the environmental, economic, social and political decisions which affect their lives; so that power and responsibility are concentrated in local and regional communities, and devolved only where essential to higher tiers of governance.  我們努力追求的民主是:所有公民都有表達自身觀點的權利,並且,能夠直接參與對其生活有所影響的環境、經濟、社會和政治決策。如此一來,權力和責任將集中於地方與區域內的公眾手中,只有在必要時,才轉移至更高的管理階層。

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        individual empowerment through access to all the relevant information required for any decision, and access to education to enable all to participate  透過讓每個人擁有完整、及時、正確的資訊,足以充分地參與各項決策,以及使其有能力參與的教育學習機會,來培力個人

 

u        breaking down inequalities of wealth and power that inhibit participation  打破財富及權力的不平等門檻,這些門檻是全民參與的阻礙;

 

u        building grassroots institutions that enable decisions to be made directly at the appropriate level by those affected, based on systems which encourage civic vitality, voluntary action and community responsibility  建立草根性的制度,此一制度建立在鼓勵市民活力、志願行動和社區責任的體系上,讓各項決策在適當層級上,直接由那些受影響者決定

 

u        strong support for giving young people a voice through educating, encouraging and assisting youth involvement in every aspect of political life including their participation in all decision making bodies  教育、鼓勵與協助青少年從各方面參與政治,包括參加各種決策團體,大力支持青少年發聲;

 

u        that all elected representatives are committed to the principles of transparency, truthfulness, and accountability in governance  經選舉產生的民意代表,都承諾在治理上遵行透明、誠實、與負責的原則;

 

u        that all electoral systems are transparent and democratic, and that this is enforced by law  所有的選舉制度都是光明正大和民主的,並且依法執行;

 

u        that in all electoral systems, each adult has an equal vote  在所有選舉制度中,每個成年人都享有票票等值的平等投票權

 

u        that all electoral systems are based on proportional representation, and all elections are publicly funded with strict limits on, and full transparency of, corporate and private donations  所有的選舉制度應該以比例代表制為基礎,並以公費選舉辦理,這些選舉支出必須受到嚴格控管,而來自企業與私人的捐款則需完全透明公開;

 

u        that all citizens have the right to be a member of the political party of their choice within a multi-party system.  在多黨政治的體系下,每位公民都有權利加入所選擇的政黨,成為其中一員。

 

Nonviolence非暴力

We declare our commitment to nonviolence and strive for a culture of peace and cooperation between states, inside societies and between individuals, as the basis of global security.  We believe that security should not rest mainly on military strength but on cooperation, sound economic and social development, environmental safety, and respect for human rights.  我們宣告:對於非暴力的承諾,在國與國之間、社會內部,及人與人之間,我們將努力打造和平與合作的文化,並以此為世界安全的基礎。我們相信:安全不能只靠軍事力量,而應建立在合作、健全的經濟與社會發展、環境安全,及尊重人權等基礎上。

 

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        a comprehensive concept of global security, which gives priority to social, economic, ecological, psychological and cultural aspects of conflict, instead of a concept based primarily on military balances of power  對於世界安全建立全面性的概念,優先關注社會、經濟、生態、心理和文化等面向的衝突,而非只重軍事上的權力平衡;

 

u        a global security system capable of the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts  一套能夠預防、處理、與解決衝突的世界安全體系;

 

u        removing the causes of war by understanding and respecting other cultures, eradicating racism, promoting freedom and democracy, and ending global poverty  消除戰爭的起因,其方式為:瞭解和尊敬其他文化、根絕種族主義、促進自由與民主,與終結全球的貧窮;

 

u        pursuing general and complete disarmament including international agreements to ensure a complete and definitive ban of nuclear, biological and chemical arms, anti-personnel mines and depleted uranium weapons  追求普遍與全面的裁武,包括簽定各種國際協訂,以保證完全且明確的禁止核子、生物及化學武器、人員殺傷地雷、與鈾廢料(貧鈾)武器;

 

u        strengthening the United Nations(UN) as the global organisation of conflict management and peacekeeping  強化聯合國作為一個管理衝突及維持和平的全球組織;

 

u        pursuing a rigorous code of conduct on arms exports to countries where human rights are being violated.  嚴格規範將武器出口至違反人權的國家。

 

Sustainability滿足當代需求而不犧牲下代需求的永續

We recognise the limited scope for the material expansion of human society within the biosphere, and the need to maintain biodiversity through sustainable use of renewable resources and responsible use of non-renewable resources.  We believe that to achieve sustainability, and in order to provide for the needs of present and future generations within the finite resources of the earth, continuing growth in global consumption, population and material inequity must be halted and reversed.  We recognise that sustainability will not be possible as long as poverty persists.  我們瞭解:在地球生物圈內,人類社會的物質擴張範圍有其限制;我們也了解,經由永續使用可再生資源,與負責任的使用不可再生資源,以維持生物多樣性的必要。我們相信:為了要實現永續性,也為了能在有限的地球資源下,滿足當代與後代子孫的需要,必須盡快停止與逆轉持續成長的全球消費,與人口、資源不均的現象造成的影響。我們明白:只要貧窮依然存在,永續性就不可能達成。

 

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        ensuring that the rich limit their consumption to allow the poor their fair share of the earth's resources  確保富人限制自身的消費,讓窮人也能公平地使用地球的資源

 

u        redefining the concept of wealth, to focus on quality of life rather than capacity for over-consumption  重新定義財富的概念,將重點放在生活品質,而非過度消費的能力

 

u        creating a world economy which aims to satisfy the needs of all, not the greed of a few; and enables those presently living to meet their own needs, without jeopardising the ability of future generations to meet theirs  建立一套世界經濟體系,其目標在滿足所有人,而非少數貪婪者的欲望;讓現代人滿足生活所需的同時,不會危及後代子孫滿足其生活所需的能力;

 

u        eliminating the causes of population growth by ensuring economic security, and providing access to basic education and health, for all; giving both men and women greater control over their fertility  消除人口成長的因素,這要透過:確保經濟的安全,提供每個人基本的教育和健康;讓兩性對生育有更多的掌控力

 

u        redefining the roles and responsibilities of trans-national corporations in order to support the principles of sustainable development  重新定義跨國公司的角色與責任,以維持永續發展的各項原則

 

u        implementing mechanisms to tax, as well as regulating, speculative financial flows  對於投機性資本的流動,實施管理及課稅措施

 

u        ensuring that market prices of goods and services fully incorporate the environmental costs of their production and consumption  確保各項商品與服務的市場價格完全反映生產和消費過程中的環境成本

 

u        achieving greater resource and energy efficiency and development and use of environmentally sustainable technologies  達到更高的資源和能源效益;發展和使用在環境上可永續的科技

 

u        encouraging local self-reliance to the greatest practical extent to create worthwhile, satisfying communities  鼓勵地方自給自足、充分發展,以創造有價值且滿意的社群與社區;

 

u        recognising the key role of youth culture and encouraging an ethic of sustainability within that culture.  肯認青年文化扮演的關鍵角色,並在其文化內鼓勵一種永續性的倫理

 

Respect for Diversity尊重多元

We honour cultural, linguistic, ethnic, sexual, religious and spiritual diversity within the context of individual responsibility toward all beings.  We defend the right of all persons, without discrimination, to an environment supportive of their dignity, bodily health, and spiritual well-being.  We promote the building of respectful, positive and responsible relationships across lines of division in the spirit of a multi-cultural society.  我們尊重:在個人對於全體生命負有責任的脈絡中,文化、語言、族群、性別、宗教及精神上的多元性。我們捍衛:每個人都有權利追求一個支持個人尊嚴、身體健康與精神安康的環境。我們推動:秉持多元文化社會的精神,跨越各種區隔和界限,建立相互尊重、正面,而且負責任的人際關係。

 

This requires  要達成這些目標,我們需要:

u        recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to the basic means of their survival, both economic and cultural, including rights to land and to self determination; and acknowledgment of their contribution to the common heritage of national and global culture  在經濟上與文化上,承認原住民族對其基本謀生方式的權利,包含他們對土地的權利,與自決的權利;並承認他們對國家與全球人類文化遺產的貢獻

u        recognition of the rights of ethnic minorities to develop their culture, religion and language without discrimination, and to full legal, social and cultural participation in the democratic process  認可弱勢族群的權利,包括:不受歧視地發展其文化、宗教及語言;以及在民主程序中,充分參與法律、社會與文化;

 

u        recognition of and respect for sexual minorities  認可並且尊重性傾向中的少數

 

u        equality between women and men in all spheres of social, economic, political and cultural life  在社會、經濟、政治及文化上,承認男女之間的平等

 

u        significant involvement of youth culture as a valuable contribution to our Green vision, and recognition that young people have distinct needs and modes of expression.  明確納入青年文化,因為青年文化對全球綠人的願景大有助益。我們也體認,青年有其獨特的需要和表達方式。

 

Political Action 政治行動

 

1. Democracy 民主

1.0 The majority of the world’s people live in countries with undemocratic regimes where corruption is rampant and human rights abuses and press censorship are commonplace. Developed democracies suffer less apparent forms of corruption though media concentration, corporate political funding, systematic exclusion of racial, ethnic, national and religious communities, and electoral systems that discriminate against alternative ideas and new and small parties.  今天,世界上仍有多數人生活在不民主的政權之下,在這些國家裡,貪污腐敗猖獗,踐踏人權、媒體審查屢見不鮮。已開發的民主國家雖然較少明目張膽的貪污,但卻有其他形式的不民主,例如:媒體壟斷、企業政治獻金、從制度面排拒特定的種族、族群、國籍或宗教團體,選舉制度也歧視非主流的意見,對小黨和新興政黨有差別待遇。

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

1.1 Have as a priority the encouragement and support of grassroots movements and other organisations of civil society working for democratic, transparent and accountable government, at all levels from local to global. 優先推動、支持草根運動和公民社會組織,力求打造民主、透明、有擔當的各級政府。

 

1.2 Actively support giving young people a voice through educating, encouraging and assisting youth participation in every aspect of political action.  透過教育、支持及輔導年輕人參與各層面的政治活動,積極鼓勵年輕人勇於發聲。

 

1.3 Will strive for the democratisation of gender relations by promoting appropriate mediations to enable women and men equally to take part in the economic, political, social sphere.  追求性別關係民主化,幫助兩性溝通調解,促進雙方平等參與經濟、政治及社會領域的事務。

 

1.4 Urge immediate ratification of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business.  籲請經濟合作發展組織即刻通過「打擊國際企業行賄外國公職人員公約」(Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business)

 

1.5 Uphold the right of citizens to have access to official information and to free and independent media.  每位公民都有取得官方資料以及享有自由、獨立媒體的權利。

 

1.6 Will work for universal access to electronic communications and information technology, as minimum, radio, and community-based internet and email. We will also work to make access to these technologies as cheap as possible.  力求讓全世界的人都能有使用電子通訊和資訊科技的權利,讓無線電、社群網路,與電子郵件成為基本設施,並讓使用這些科技的價格儘可能低廉。

 

1.7 Uphold a just secular legal system that ensures the right of defence and practices proportionality between crime and punishment.  支持公正、不受宗教約束的司法制度,保障人民答辯的權利,刑罰應依犯罪輕重比例裁量。

 

1.8 Support the public funding of elections, and ensure all donations, where permitted, are fully transparent with a limit on donations from both individuals and corporations.  提倡選舉應公開募款;在法律容許的情況下,個人或企業捐款都應公開透明,且金額不得超過限制。

 

1.9 Will challenge corporate domination of government, especially where citizens are deprived of their right to political participation.  反對企業干預政府決策,尤其是剝奪公民的政治參與權。

 

1.10 Support the separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial systems, and the separation of state and religion.  支持行政、立法、司法三權分立,以及教政分離。

 

1.11 Support the development and strengthening of local government.  支持地方政府的發展與強化。

 

1.12 Support the restructuring of state institutions to democratise them and make them more transparent and efficient in serving the goal of citizens’ power and sustainable development.  提倡重新建構國家制度,使制度在為公民的權力服務,與達成永續發展等目標上,能夠更民主、透明、有效率。

 

2. Equity 平等

2.0 The differences in living standards and opportunities in the world today are intolerable. Third world debt is at an all time high of $2.5 trillion, while Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries give just 0.23% of GNP in aid. The richest 20% of the world’s population has over 80% of the income while 1.2 billion people live in poverty (on less than a dollar a day). 125 million children never attend school and 880 million people can neither read nor write - more than two-thirds of these are women as are 60% of the poor. Population growth has slowed but is still expected to add another 2-3 billion people by 2050. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections are increasing.  今天,世界各地生活水準和發展機會的差距之大,已達到讓人無法接受的程度。第三世界負債創新高,達2.5兆美元,但經濟合作發展組織國家僅投入其國民生產毛額的0.23%來援助窮國。全球最富有的20%人口,擁有全世界80%的收入,但12億人卻身處赤貧,每天僅靠不到一美元維生。12500萬名兒童從未上過學校,88000萬人沒有讀寫能力,其中逾三分之二為女性,窮困人口中亦有六成為女性。儘管人口成長趨緩,但預計世界人口到2050年,將再增加20-30億。人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)與結核菌的感染仍持續增加。

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

2.1 Will work to increase government aid to developing countries, and support aid funding being directed to the poorest of the poor, with the priorities being determined through working with local communities.  增加政府對開發中國家之補助,讓最窮苦的人能夠直接得到援助基金的幫助,並和當地居民合作,以決定優先援助的對象。

 

2.2 Will work to improve the rights, status, education and political participation of women.  保障女性權利與地位,改善女性在教育與政治參與方面的處境。

 

2.3 Commit ourselves to the goal of making high quality primary education universal by 2015, financed through increased aid and debt relief.  透過增加援助金額,減免窮國債務的方式,力求在2015年實現優質且普及的基礎教育。

 

2.4 Will work towards cancellation of developing country debt especially in the poorest countries, and support the use of incentives to ensure that savings from debt relief are channelled into poverty reduction and environment conservation, and that transparent and accountable processes are in place with participation from affected communities.  力求撤銷窮國債務,特別是赤貧國家的債務。鼓勵窮國將債務減免後所節省之資金,用於消弭貧窮和環境保護上,資金使用過程須透明、可歸責,並由相關民眾共同參與。

 

2.5 See concerted action to combat the great pandemics including HIV-Aids, TB and malaria as a priority, especially in Africa, where a twofold effort is needed to allow general access to low cost and efficient therapies, and to restore economic progress, especially through education.  共同努力打擊HIV-愛滋、結核病、霍亂等全球性流行病,尤其是在非洲的工作,必須加倍努力,讓當地居民能普遍獲得低廉、有效率的治療,同時透過教育重建當地經濟。

 

2.6 Recognise the right to compensation of those people that lose access to their natural resources through displacement by environmental destruction or human intervention such as colonisation and migration.  若居民因環境遭破壞或殖民、遷徙等人為干預,而失去其所享有之自然資源時,有權利獲得補償。

 

2.7 Will review the relationship between exclusive ownership of property and exclusive use of its resources, with a view to curbing environmental abuse and extending access for basic livelihood to all, especially indigenous communities.  重新探討專屬財產所有權與其資源之獨佔使用間的關係,控制環境濫用,提供所有居民──特別是原住民族群──基本生活的保障。

 

2.8 Will work to ensure that all men, women and children can achieve economic security, without recourse to personally damaging activities such as pornography, prostitution or the sale of organs.  確保男性、女性與兒童都能在經濟上得到保障,使其不致因經濟困難,而從事傷害身體之行為,如色情工作、賣淫或兜售器官等。

2.9 Will commit to work for more equal allocation of welfare and for creation of equal opportunities inside all our societies, recognising that there is a growing number of poor and marginalised people in developed countries also.  承認即使在已開發國家,貧窮、遭邊緣化的人數正逐年增加,因此我們力求讓所有社會都能更公平的分配其福利,並創造平等的機會。

2.10 Will defend and promote the human, social and environmental rights of people of colour.  捍衛並促進有色人種的人權、社會權與環境權。

 

3. Climate Change and Energy  氣候變遷與能源

3.0 Nine of the ten warmest years on record were in the 1990s.  The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is higher than at any time in the last 15 million years.  The frequency of climatic disasters is increasing, killing thousands and displacing millions of people.  Widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs which first occurred in 1998 will become commonplace within 20 years.  Scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) state that global warming is real, and that human action is a substantial factor in the change.  The Earth is expected to warm by a further 1-5°C this century, and sea level rise which has already started will continue for the next 500 years, flooding many of Earth’s most populated regions.  Climate catastrophe looms unless we act now.  根據紀錄,最熱的10年中有9年都出現在90年代。現今空氣中的二氧化碳含量高於過去1500萬年中的任何一個時期。氣候變遷造成的災變頻率持續上升,奪走了成千上萬人的性命,數百萬人也因而流離失所。1998年首次發生的大規模珊瑚礁白化及死亡的案例,將在20年內成為普遍的現象。「跨政府氣候變遷小組」(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) 的科學家表示:全球暖化確有其事,而人類活動是造成氣候變化的重要因素。預計地球在本世紀內會再升溫15度,已開始上升的海平面也將在未來五百年持續上升,淹沒地球上許多人口密集的地區。除非我們立即行動,否則氣候大災難將步步進逼。

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

3.1 Adopt the target of limiting CO2 levels in the atmosphere to 450 ppm in the shortest period possible as requested by the IPCC.  Developed countries will have to fulfil not only the Kyoto Protocol  (-5.2% of 1990 levels by 2010 globally, -8% for the EU, -6% for the USA) which even if it is a step in the right direction is grossly insufficient; but also achieve a reduction between -20% to -30% by 2020 in order that a target of -70% to -90% may be reached by the end of the century. In addition, action must be taken to reduce the emissions of the other green house gases.  依照IPCC的要求,在盡可能短的時間內,達到將大氣中二氧化碳的含量限制在450ppm的目標。 已開發國家不僅必須履行「京都議定書」(Kyoto Protocol)的協定──全球在2010年的碳排放量要比1990年減少5.2%,歐盟減量8%,美國減量6%,儘管這是往正確的方向跨出一步,但仍相當不足──更應在2020年達到減少20%30%的二氧化碳排放,以求在本世紀末達到減量70%90%的目標。此外,全球也必須採取行動,降低其他溫室氣體的排放。

 

3.2 Urge the coming into force of the Kyoto Protocol in line with this target, and insist that the implementation rules lead to real emission reductions from industrial sources by developed countries, including a system of penalties for non-compliance.  力促按以上目標實施「京都議定書」的內容,並且貫徹施行能真正降低已開發國家工業溫室氣體排放量的規定,包括針對違規行為的懲罰機制 。

 

3.3 Will work to establish an international emissions reporting framework for trans-national corporations, linked to global carbon taxes and global environmental loads.  致力於建立一個針對跨國企業國際排放量的回報機構,並與全球碳稅及全球環境負載力相連結。

 

3.4 Will work hard to ensure that developing countries have access to the most efficient, sustainable and appropriate technology, with a strong focus on renewable energy, and that they agree to Climate Change Conventions to ensure that actions are comprehensive and worldwide.  The equity principle must be at the core of climate change negotiations and measures.  力求確保開發中國家能夠取得最有效的、永續的、適當的、以再生能源為重心的技術,並且同意簽署「氣候變遷協定」(Climate Change Convention),以確保這項行動是全面性與全球性的。而公平原則必須是氣候變遷相關談判與措施的核心。

 

3.5 Oppose any expansion of nuclear power and will work to phase it out rapidly.  反對繼續擴張任何形式的核能發電,並力求盡速將其分階段廢除。

 

3.6 Will support a call for a moratorium on new fossil fuel exploration and development.  支持禁止探勘與開發新石化燃料的訴求。

 

3.7 Oppose clearing and logging of old growth forests, noting that they are the most carbon rich ecosystems on the planet, vital to indigenous people, rich in plants and animals, and irreplaceable in any human time scale.  反對破壞與砍伐原生林,因為原生林是地球上最富含碳的生態系統,原住民賴以生存的命脈,且富藏動植物資源,在任何時代都無可取代。

 

3.8 Promote tree planting of diverse species but not monocultures, as a short-term measure for carbon sequestration, with other benefits for the environment.  推動多樹種而非單一樹種的造林,造林是一種短期的碳封存措施,還能為環境帶來其他好處。

 

3.9 Promote the levying of taxes on non-renewable energy and the use of funds raised to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy.  推動對非再生能源課稅,利用所課得的稅金增進能源使用效率及發展再生能源。

 

3.10 Support research into the use of sustainable energy sources and the technical development of ecological power production.  支持有關使用永續能源的研究,與生態發電的技術開發。

 

3.11 Promote energy efficient technologies and green power infrastructure between and within countries and economies on a no-costs or minimal costs basis.  This is one of the economic costs of the emissions to date by western countries.  在各國家與各經濟體之間及其內部,以基於無成本或最低成本的原則,推動高能源效率的科技,與綠色電力的基礎設施。這是西方國家排放溫室氣體至今,所應負擔的各項經濟成本之ㄧ。

 

4. Biodiversity 生物多樣性

4.0 Healthy ecosystems are essential to human life, yet we seem to have forgotten the relationship between nature and society. Extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times higher than in pre-human times. Only 20% of the Earth’s original forests remain relatively undisturbed. 60% of fish stocks are in danger of being overfished.  Invasions by non-native plants, animals and diseases are growing rapidly. Habitat destruction and species extinction are driven by industrial and agricultural development that also exacerbates climate change, global inequity and the destruction of indigenous cultures and livelihoods. Agricultural monoculture, promoted by agribusiness and accelerated by genetic modification and patenting of nature, threatens the diversity of crop and domestic animal species, radically increasing vulnerability to disease.  健全的生態體系對人類極為重要,然而我們似乎忘記了自然界和人類社會間的聯繫。和人類出現前相較,目前,地球上的物種正以1001000倍的速率滅絕,全球僅剩下20%的原生森林未受人類侵擾,百分之六十的魚群面臨濫捕。非當地物種(外來種)入侵的災害正急遽增加,工業和農業發展不僅造成了生物棲息地的破壞與物種的滅絕,更加遽了氣候的變遷、全球性的失衡,以及破壞原住民的文化與生活方式。由農業企業化、基因改造,以及自然資源專利權所推行的單一作物種植方式,正威脅著本地動植物的多元性與延續性,並且使物種對疾病的抵抗力明顯下降。

 

The Greens -全球綠人在此主張:

4.1 Will vigorously oppose environmentally destructive agricultural and industrial development and give primary effort to protecting native plants and animals in their natural habitat, and wherever possible in large tracts.  強烈反對會破壞環境的工業與農業發展,致力保護原生動植物,使其得以在自然棲地生存,並力求棲地完整。

 

4.2 Will work to remove subsidies for environmentally destructive activities, including logging, fossil fuel exploitation, dam construction, mining, genetic engineering and agricultural monoculture.  取消對破壞環境的人類活動之補貼,如伐木、開採化石燃料、築壩、礦採、基因工程與單一作物種植等。

 

4.3 Will promote ecological purchasing policies, for products such as wood, based only on the most rigorous definition of sustainability backed by credible labelling.  推動生態採購政策,對於像木材這類的產品,必須由具公信力的機構,以最嚴格的標準,判斷符合生態永續標準後,才可採購。

 

4.4 Support the concept of ‘debt for nature’ swaps, subject to the agreement of affected Indigenous and local communities.   支持「以外債交換自然」的概念,將此概念融入於對原住民和當地社群產生影響的協議中。

 

4.5 Will promote the repair of degraded natural environments, and the cleanup of toxic sites of former and existing military and industrial zones around the world.  推動修復遭受損害的自然環境,清除全球軍事與工業區中之前和現在的有毒場所。

 

4.6 Note that reducing the transport of goods around the world, in line with a preference for local production where possible, will have the added benefit of reducing ‘bio-invasions’, as well as reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.  減少貨物的全球運送,並在可能的情況下,以購買當地產品優先,除了可以減少化石燃料消耗與溫室效應氣體排放,也有降低生物入侵機會的附帶好處。

 

4.7 Commit to promote a global ecology curriculum for all levels of education.  力求在每個教育階段推廣全球性的生態課程。

 

4.8 Will work towards establishing an international court of justice specific for environmental destruction and the loss of biodiversity where cases can be heard against corporations, national states and individuals.  建立國際法庭,專責審理環境破壞、物種多元性損害等案件,企業、國家、個人都可能成為此類案件的當事人。

 

4.9 Will refuse to accept the patenting and merchandising of life.  拒絕把生命視為專利及商品化買賣的標的。

 

5. Governing economic globalisation by sustainability principles 以永續原則管理經濟全球化

 

5.0 Fifty of the 100 biggest economies in the world today are corporations. With the collusion of governments, they have created a legal system that puts unfettered economic activity above the public good, protects corporate welfare but attacks social welfare, and makes national economies subservient to a global financial casino that turns over $US1.3 trillion per day in speculative transactions. However, the tide may be turning. The Multilateral Agreement on Investment was defeated for the time being. In developed countries international financial institutions can meet only under siege conditions. The reputation of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is in tatters.  今天,世界前100大經濟體中,有50個是大企業。這些企業與政府共謀之下產生出的法律制度,將漫無節制的經濟活動置於公共利益之上,保護企業的福利,卻損害社會的福祉,讓國家經濟充當全球性之金融大賭場的手下,每天將1.3 兆美元以上的金額投入投機交易中。但此一情勢正在轉變,「多邊投資協定」遭到挫敗;在已開發國家,國際性金融機構只能在層層包圍的情況下開會,而世界銀行和國際貨幣基金(IMF)也名聲掃地。

 

The Greens 全球綠人在此主張:

5.1 Affirm that essentials of life such as water, must remain publicly owned and controlled; and that culture, basic access to food, social and public health, education, and a free media are not ‘commodities’ to be subjected to international market agreements.  堅持生活必需品,例如水,必須維持公眾擁有,並由公眾掌控;而文化、獲得食物的基本權利、社會和公共健康、教育,以及自由的媒體,都不該成為受國際市場合約支配的「商品」。

 

5.2 Support the creation of a World Environment Organisation by combining the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) into a single institution with funding and power to impose sanctions to promote global sustainable development. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) should be subject to the decisions of this body.  支持成立「世界環境組織」(WEO),將聯合國環境總署(UNEP)、聯合國發展計畫(UNDP)、全球環境基金(GEF)等組織合併,成為擁有資金和制裁執行權力的單一機構,以推動全球永續發展。世界貿易組織(WTO)也應受此機構的決策所規範。

 

5.3 Support abolition of the World Bank and IMF unless they are reformed so that their membership and decision-making democratic, and their operations subservient to sustainability principles and to all international conventions on human and labour rights, and environmental protection.  支持廢除世界銀行和國際貨幣基金,除非這兩個組織能夠改革,讓入會和決策過程變得民主,讓業務運作遵從永續原則和所有關於人權、勞動權及環境保護的國際公約。

 

5.4 Support abolition of the WTO unless it is reformed to make sustainability its central goal, supported by transparent and democratic processes and the participation of representatives from affected communities. In addition there must be separation of powers to remove the disputes settlement mechanism from the exclusive competence of the WTO. A sustainability impact assessment of earlier Negotiation Rounds is required before any new steps are taken.  支持廢除世界貿易組織,除非它能夠改革,將永續發展作為核心目標,並建立透明化、民主化的程序,獲得相關社群代表的參與。此外,其權力必須分立,將糾紛解決機制從該組織獨佔的管轄權中撤除。採取任何新行動之前,必須對該組織先前的談判回合作永續性衝擊評估。

 

5.5 Will work to prevent the implementation of new regional or hemispheric trade and investment agreements under the WTO rules – such as the proposed Free Trade Agreement of the Americas – but support countries’ integration processes that assure people’s welfare and environmental sustainability.  反對依WTO規則所訂定的區域性貿易及投資協定,例如美洲自由貿易協定,支持能夠確保人民福祉及環境永續的國家結盟或區域整合。

 

5.6 Will create a world environment where financial and economic institutions and organisations will nurture and protect environmentally sustainable projects that will sustain communities at all levels (local, regional, national and international).  創造一個全球性的經濟環境,讓金融機構和經濟組織扶植、保障各項環境永續計劃,這些計畫將援助地方、區域、國家和世界上,各個層級的社群(區)。

 

5.7 Demand that international agreements on the environment, labour conditions and health should take precedence over any international rules on trade.  強烈要求環境、勞動條件及健康方面的國際協定,優先於所有國際貿易的規定。

 

5.8 Will work to implement a Tobin-Henderson Tax and other instruments to curb speculative international currency transactions and help encourage investment in the real economy, and to create funds to promote equity in global development.  Tobin-Henderson. 施行稅制及其他方式,抑止投機性國際貨幣交易,鼓勵投資實質的經濟活動,並設立基金促進公平的全球發展。

 

5.9 Will work to require corporations to abide by the environmental, labour and social laws of their own country and of the country in which they are operating, whichever are the more stringent.  要求企業遵守本國與其營運所在國之環保、勞工和社會法規,並擇其最嚴格之法規為標準。

 

5.10 Will work to ensure that all global organizations, especially those with significant capacity to define the rules of international trade, firmly adhere to principles of sustainable development and pursue a training program of cultural change to fully realise this goal.  確保每個全球性組織,尤其是有能力制訂國際貿易規則的組織,堅守永續發展的原則,並進行有關文化變遷的訓練計劃,以實現永續發展的目標。

 

5.11 Want corporate welfare made transparent and subject to the same level of accountability as social welfare, with subsidies to environmentally and socially destructive activities phased out altogether.  要求企業的福利透明化,接受與社會福利同等的監督,並加以資助逐步淘汰破壞環境和社會的活動。

 

5.12 Endorse the development of civic entrepreneurship to promote a community based economy as a way of combating social exclusion caused by economic globalization.  支持公民企業家精神的發展,推動以社區為基礎的經濟,以對抗經濟全球化造成的社會排斥問題。

 

6. Human rights 人權

 

6.0 Denial of human rights and freedoms goes hand in hand with poverty and political powerlessness. Millions suffer discrimination, intimidation, arbitrary detention, violence and death. Three-quarters of the world’s governments have used torture in the last three years.  對人權和自由的否定往往伴隨貧窮和政治弱勢。數百萬人遭受歧視、威嚇、強制羈押、暴力和死亡。過去三年,全球有四分之三的政府曾使用刑求。

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

6.1 Endorse the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions, and other international instruments for the protection of rights and freedoms. We believe that these rights are universal and indivisible and that national governments are responsible for upholding them.  支持世界人權宣言、國際經濟社會及文化權利公約、國際公民與政治權利公約、國際勞工組織協定,以及其他維護權利和自由的國際性措施。我們相信這些權利是普世且不可分割的,各國政府皆應維護、堅持。

 

6.2 Condemn all dictatorships and regimes which deny human rights, regardless of their political claims.  聲討所有獨裁專制和否定人權的政權,不論其政治主張爲何。

 

6.3 Will work with local communities to promote awareness of human rights, and to ensure that the UN Commission for Human Rights and other treaty bodies are adequately resourced.  與當地社團合作,促進人權的覺醒,確保「聯合國人權委員會」及其他簽約主體有充分的資源行使其職責。

 

6.4 Call for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to be amended to include rights to a healthy natural environment and intergenerational rights to natural and cultural resources.  呼籲修正「世界人權宣言」,納入享有健康之自然環境的權利,以及世世代代享有自然及文化資源的權利等條文。

 

6.5 Uphold the right of women to make their own decisions, including the control of their fertility by the means they deem appropriate free from discrimination or coercion, and will work to have the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) ratified, to remove reservations, and to bring the Optional Protocol into force.  擁護女性自主的權利,包括得以女性認爲合宜的方式控制生育,免於歧視和恐嚇之憂;努力讓「消除對婦女歧視公約」(CEDAW)獲得批准,排除但書,並讓該公約之非強制的議定書生效。

 

6.6 Support the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination, land rights, and access to traditional hunting and fishing rights for their own subsistence, using humane and ecologically sustainable techniques; and support moves for indigenous people to set up and work through their own international bodies.6.7部分重複,詳見譯者註:3.內容說明。  支持原住民的自決權、土地權,以及傳統方式的狩獵、捕魚,使用合乎人性與生態永續的技術。

 

6.7 Call for the immediate adoption of the 1993 Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as the minimum standard of protection accepted by indigenous peoples, and support moves for indigenous people to set up and work through their own international bodies.  呼籲立即採用1993年「原住民權利宣言草案」,作爲原住民所能接受的最低保護標準,並支持原住民設立和運作自己的國際團體。

 

6.8 Demand that torturers are held accountable, and will campaign for them to be brought to justice, in their own countries or elsewhere, before an international panel of judges serving under the auspices of the International Court of Justice.  要求刑求者為其行為負責任,並在國際法庭審查小組接受審理前,設法讓刑求者在本國或他國接受司法審判。

 

6.9 Oppose any violation of the physical integrity of the individual by torture, punishment or any other practices including traditional and religious mutilation.  反對以刑求、懲罰或其他傳統或宗教形式的肢體殘害,毀傷個人身體之完整性。

 

6.10 Demand that the death penalty be abolished worldwide.  要求世界各地廢除死刑。

 

6.11 Call for governments to ensure that all asylum-seekers, whether they are victims of state violence or independent armed groups, are correctly treated in accordance with the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Rights to Asylum; have access to fair processes; are not arbitrarily detained; and are not returned to a country where they might suffer violations of their fundamental human rights, or face the risk of death, torture, or other inhuman treatment.  呼籲各國政府保證所有尋求政治庇護者,不論是國家暴力或獨立武裝團體的受害者,皆能按1951年「日内瓦難民權公約」得到善待,獲得公正的審核,不會遭受強制拘留,且不會被遣返回其基本人權可能遭迫害,或有面臨死亡、刑求或其他不人道待遇之虞的國家。

 

6.12 Call for the prohibition of collective expulsion.  呼籲禁止集體驅除出境。

 

6.13 Uphold the right of all workers to safe, fairly remunerated employment, with the freedom to unionise. 支持每個勞工有權利得到安全、待遇合理的聘僱,以及組織工會的自由。

 

6.14 Support the right of children to grow up free from the need to work, and the establishment of a lower age limit for working children/adolescents.似乎應為”higher”,提高年齡限制,詳見譯者註:3.內容說明。  保障兒童在成長過程中,免於工作的權利,降低童工和青少年工作者的年齡限制。

 

6.15 Demand decriminalisation of homosexuality, and support the right of gay and lesbian people to their lifestyle, and the equal rights of homosexual relationships.  要求同性戀除罪化,支持男女同志有選擇其生活方式的權利,以及同性戀關係的平等權。

 

6.16 Will work to improve the opportunities of disabled people to live and work equally in society, including true political participation.  努力改善殘障人士在社會上平等生活和工作的機會,包括實質的政治參與。

 

6.17 Support the right of linguistic minorities to use their own language.  支持語言弱勢族群有使用其語言的權利。

 

7. Food and water  食物和水

7.0 Hundreds of millions of people remain undernourished, not because there is insufficient food but because of unequal access to land, water, credit and markets. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are not the solution, because the immediate problem is not production but distribution. Moreover, GMOs pose unacceptable risks to the environment, independent smaller farmers, and consumers, as well as to the biodiversity that is our best insurance against agricultural disaster. Water shortages loom, both in above-ground systems and subterranean aquifers. Deforestation of catchments takes a devastating toll in landslides and floods, while desertification and degradation are rapidly expanding. One bright spot is the rapid growth of organic agriculture.  全球有數億人營養不良,原因不在食糧不足,而是無法公平使用土地和水資源,以及沒有公平的借貸和銷售管道。基因改造作物並非解決之道,因爲最迫切的問題不是糧食生產不足,而是分配不均。此外,基改作物會對環境、自耕農和消費者造成難以承受的風險,也會破壞生物多樣性,而維持生物多樣性才是我們對抗農業災害最保險的方式。水資源缺乏的窘境,不論是在地表或地下蓄水層,都逐步逼近。集水區伐林造成毀滅性的山崩和洪水,沙漠化及地表侵蝕的範圍也正快速擴大。但在這些災害中,迅速成長的有機農業帶來一線希望。 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

7.1 Consider that access to clean water for basic needs is a fundamental right, and oppose the privatisation of water resources and infrastructure.  取得生活所需的乾淨用水乃是一項基本人權,反對讓水資源和相關基礎建設私有化。 

 

7.2 Will work to eliminate water subsidies, other than social subsidies, and to make water use more efficient.  取消除社福津貼之外的其他用水補貼,讓水資源使用更有效率。 

 

7.3 Will work to ensure that fresh water and underground water resources are conserved in quality and quantity and appropriately priced to ensure these resources are adequately protected from depletion  確保活水和地下水資源的質量受到妥善保護,並制訂合理價格,以充分保障水資源,避免耗盡。 

 

7.4 Consider that the stability of catchments and the health of river systems is paramount, and will work with the people directly affected to stop the degradation of rivers, including new large dams and irrigation projects, and deforestation of catchments.  穩定集水系統和維持河川生態健全,至爲重要,我們將與相關人士直接合作,阻止對河川的破壞,作法包括:停止新的大型水庫和灌溉計劃,以及禁止集水區伐林。 

 

7.5 Will work with local communities in arid and semi-arid regions, where climate is dominated by uncertainty, to reduce land degradation.  在氣候變化劇烈的乾旱和半乾旱地區,與當地團體合作,致力減少土地劣化。 

 

7.6 Express their concern for countries that have been hard hit by desertification and deforestation, and ask the countries that have not yet done so to ratify the UN 14 Convention of Desertification, and make the necessary resources available to enact this Convention.”our” 詳見譯者註:3.內容說明。  對遭受嚴重沙漠化和過度砍伐森林衝擊的國家,表達關切,並要求尚未受害的國家批准聯合國第14號「防治沙漠化國際公約」,動用必要的資源,務求將該公約制定成法律。 

 

7.7 Will support and promote organic agriculture.  支持和提倡有機農業。 

 

7.8 Call for an international moratorium on the commercial growing of genetically modified crops for at least five years, pending research and debate, and establishment of regulatory systems including company liability for adverse effects.  要求全球對商業種植基因改造作物先暫停至少五年,在此期間進行研究、討論,並建立管理制度,以規範基改作物公司對不良後果應承擔的責任等事項。 

 

7.9 Will work to ensure that food is safe, with stringent regulations on production, storage and sale.  制訂嚴格的生産、儲存和銷售規定,以確保食物的安全。 

 

 7.10 Will work to ensure that scientific research is conducted ethically and applied in accordance with the precautionary principle.  力求讓科學研究以符合道德的方式進行,並依風險預防的原則應用科學研究。 

 

7.11 Call for a phase out of all persistent and bio-accumulative man made chemicals and to work to eliminate all releases to the environment of hazardous chemicals   逐步淘汰所有難以分解、會在生物體內累積的人為化學物質,並且根除一切有害化學物質的排放。

 

7.12 Will work to ensure that animal growth hormones are banned, and stringent regulations governing the use of antibiotics on animals are enforced.   禁止使用動物生長激素,嚴格管制對動物施用抗生素。 

 

8 Sustainable Planning永續規劃

8.0 Consumption in industrialised countries is excessive by any measure, and largely responsible for environmental decline. People in western countries use 9 times as much paper as people in the South, and have 100 times as many cars per capita as people in China and India, for example.   Changing to a green economy - which mimics ecological processes, eliminates waste by re-using and recycling materials, and emphasises activities that enhance the quality of life and relationships rather than the consumption of goods - promises new jobs, industries with less pollution, better work environments and a higher quality of life.  不論以何種標準衡量,工業化國家都消費過度,過度消費也是造成環境惡化的主因。例如,西半球國家的每人平均汽車數是中國和印度的100倍,而用紙量則是南半球國家的9倍。 轉型為綠色經濟──模仿自然生態的運作,以再利用與回收的方式減少廢棄物,著重能夠改善生活品質的經濟活動,而非鼓勵消費──將能帶來就業機會、低污染產業、更好的工作環境和生活品質。 

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

8.1 Promote measures of wellbeing rather than GDP to measure progress.  以「福利指標」取代國內生產毛額(GDP),作為評量一國進步的標準。

 

8.2 Consider that citizens of countries affected by a development project have the right to participate in decisions about it, regardless of national boundaries.  受發展計畫影響的各國公民,不管其國籍為何,都有權利參與該計畫的決策。 

 

8.3 Will work to ensure that those who profit from exploiting any common and/or natural resources should pay the full market rent for the use of these resources, and for any damage they do to any other common resources.  以剝削公共資源和自然資源方式獲利者,應為其使用前述資源的行為,以及對其他公共資源所造成之損害,支付全額的市價租金。 

 

8.4 Recognise that the impact of continuing urban growth (sprawl) onto agricultural land and the natural environment must be limited and ultimately stopped.  對持續都市成長(擴展)所造成的農地與自然環境衝擊,必須加以節制,而且最終應該予以消除。 

 

8.5 Recognise that the process of urbanisation due to rural poverty must be slowed and reversed through appropriate rural development programs which recognise the concept of limits to growth and protect the character and ecology of the rural landscape.  透過合宜的農村發展計畫,減緩並逆轉因農村貧窮造成的都市化過程,這些發展計畫必須認清成長需有限度,並保護農村地區之特色與生態。 

 

8.6 Support local planning for ecologically sustainable business, housing, transport, waste management, parks, city forests, public spaces; and will establish links between Greens at local and regional level around the planet to exchange information and support.  支持符合生態永續的商業、住宅建築、交通、廢棄物管理、公園、都市綠地、公共空間等當地規劃,並建立管道,連結全球各地方及區域層級的綠人組織,交流彼此之間的資訊交流,並互相支持鼓勵。 

 

8.7 Will work to reduce vehicle based urban pollution by opposing ever-expanding freeways; encouraging the use of energy efficient vehicles; integrating land use planning with public transport, bicycling and walking; prioritising mass transit planning and funding over private auto infrastructure; and eliminating tax policies that favour auto-centric development.  透過以下行動,減少交通工具所造成的都市污染:反對繼續擴建高速公路、鼓勵使用節省能源的交通工具、整合土地使用規劃與公共交通事業、提倡自行車和步行、大眾運輸規劃及其資金籌措應優先於私家車的相關建設、廢除優惠汽車發展的稅收政策。 

 

8.8 Will work to create socially responsible economic strategies, using taxes and public finance to maximise incentives for fair distribution of wealth, and eco-taxes to provide incentives to avoid waste and pollution.  創造有社會責任的經濟策略,透過稅收及公共財政,使財富公平分配的誘因最大化,並以徵收環保稅的方式,防止廢棄物與污染的產生。 

 

8.9 Demand that corporations and communities reduce, reuse and recycle waste, aiming for a zero waste economy which replicates a natural ecosystem.  要求企業與社區(群)做到減量、再利用及回收廢棄物,以效倣自然生態系之零廢棄物的經濟模式為目標。

 

8.10 Will support all policies that allow countries to increase job creation through economic activities that add value, or through recycling of resources, the production of durable goods, organic agriculture, renewable energy and environmental protection.  對於以透過具有附加價值的經濟活動,或資源回收、耐用商品的生產、有機農業、可再生能源及環境保護等方式,增加國內就業機會的政策,都予以支持。  

 

8.11 Promote socially responsible investment and ecological marketing so that consumers can make positive choices based on reliable information.  提倡符合社會責任的投資及生態行銷,使消費者能依據可靠的資訊,做有建設性的選擇。 

 

8.12 Recognise the value of traditional and local knowledge and beliefs, and support its incorporation into planning and projects.  承認傳統和在地的知識與信仰之價值,並將其納入各項計畫與方案中。 

 

9. Peace and security和平與安全

9.0 The causes of conflict are changing. The distinctions between war, organised crime and deliberate large-scale abuses of human rights are becoming increasingly blurred; and the arms trade is growing and globalising, nourished by a unique exemption from WTO rules against subsidies. As a global network, we have a vital role to play in strengthening the links between community organisations working for human rights and peace, and supporting and shaping the emerging concepts and institutions of global governance.  造成衝突的原因正在改變,戰爭、有組織的犯罪,以及大規模蓄意侵犯人權等惡行之間的界線,越來越模糊,另外,WTO反補貼規定中的特別豁免條款,助長了軍火交易的持續成長及全球化。全球綠人作為一個全球性的組織,在強化社區組織間為和平及人權努力,以及支持、發展全球治理(global governance)此一新興概念和相關機構等方面,扮演重要的連繫角色。 

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

9.1 Support strengthening the role of the UN as a global organisation of conflict management and peacekeeping, while, noting that, where prevention fails and in situations of structural and massive violations of human rights and/or genocide, the use of force may be justified if it is the only means of preventing further human rights violations and suffering, provided that it is used under a mandate from the UN.  Nonetheless, individual countries have the right not to support or to cooperate with the action.  強化聯合國作為衝突管理及維持和平之全球組織的角色,但在此預防機制失效,或在大規模、結構性侵犯人權或種族屠殺的情況下,如果使用武力是避免人權遭受進一步侵犯的唯一方法,而且武力的使用得到聯合國的授權,則維和武力具有正當性。儘管如此,各國仍然有權利不支持或不參與聯合國的武力維和行動。 

 

9.2 Will campaign for greater power for countries of the South in the UN, by working to abolish the veto power in the Security Council, to remove the category of permanent membership of it, and to increase the number of states with membership. 以廢除聯合國安全理事會的否決權、撤銷安全理事會永久會員資格的制度、增加聯合國會員國的數量等方式,積極替南半球的國家在聯合國爭取更多權力。 

 

9.3 Support the proposed International Criminal Court. In war crimes, mass rape should be regarded as a war crime.  支持成立國際刑事法院,將戰爭期間的集體強暴視為戰爭罪。 

 

9.4 Seek to curtail the power of the military-industrial-financial complex in order to radically reduce the trade in armaments, ensure transparency of manufacturing and remove hidden subsidies that benefit the military industries.  削弱軍事-工業-財務集合體的勢力,從根本上減少軍火交易,確保武器生產過程的透明度,及刪除對軍事工業有利的隱藏性補貼。 

 

9.5 Will work to regulate and reduce, with the long term aim of eliminating, the international arms trade (including banning nuclear, biological and chemical arms, depleted uranium weapons and anti-personnel mines) and bring it within the ambit of the UN.  管制與減少國際上的軍火交易,以完全根除軍火交易為最終目標,並使軍火交易受聯合國規範(包括禁止核能、生化、貧鈾(即鈾廢料)武器,及人員殺傷地雷)。 

 

9.6 Will help strengthen existing peace programs and forge new programs that address all aspects of building a culture of peace. Programs will include analysis of the roots of violence, including inter-familial violence, and the issue of mutual respect between genders; and support training in non-violent conflict resolution at all levels.  鞏固既有的和平方案,並打造新的方案,建立一個全方位的和平文化。新方案將分析暴力(包括家庭暴力)的根源、兩性相互尊重的議題,以及支持各等級之非暴力衝突解決方案的訓練。 

 

9.7 Will seek an international court of justice on environmental crimes during times of conflict.  願意在衝突發生時,尋求國際法庭審理環境犯罪行為。 

 

9.8 Will seek to amend the international rules of military engagement to ensure that natural resources are adequately protected in conflicts.  修改有關軍事交戰的國際法規,確保自然資源在衝突中,得到足夠的保護。 

 

9.9 Will fight against the US National Missile Defence Project, and work towards the demilitarisation and denuclearisation of space.  反對美國國家飛彈防禦計畫,並致力於使太空非軍事化及非核化。 

 

10. Acting globally全球行動

 10.0 The Global Greens are independent organisations from diverse cultures and backgrounds who share a common purpose and recognise that, to achieve it, we must act globally as well as locally.  每個全球綠人都是獨立組織,由來自不同文化與背景的團體組成,但我們分享共同的目標,而且我們明白,要實現這些目標,全球綠人必須兼顧全球性及地方性的行動。

 

The Greens –全球綠人在此主張:

10.1 Will work cooperatively to implement the Global Greens Charter by taking action together on issues of global consequence whenever needed.  對全球性議題採取共同行動,以實踐全球綠人憲章。 

 

10.2 Will support the development of Green parties, political movements and youth networks around the world.  支持全球的綠黨、政治運動及青年網絡的發展。 

 

10.3 Will assist, at their request, other Green parties and movements including by  以下列方式,根據其他綠黨及運動的立場和要求,提供協助:

providing observers at elections to help ensure that they are free and fair;

-提供選舉觀察員,協助確保該選舉之公平及自由。

encouraging voters to enroll and vote Green in their home countries.

-鼓勵選民加入並投票給國內的綠黨。 

 

10.4 Will adopt and put into practice in our own organisations the democratic principles we seek in broader society.  在全球綠人的組織內,實踐我們所追尋的民主原則。

 

10.5 Will act as a model of participatory democracy in our own internal organisation at all levels.  在全球綠人內部組織的各層級,做參與式民主的榜樣。 

 

10.6 Will encourage cooperation between the global Green parties to ensure that member parties are consulted, educated and have equal capacity to influence global positions of the Greens.  鼓勵全球各綠黨間的合作,讓各地綠黨都能得到徵詢、指導,並確保各地綠黨對綠人的全球地位有同等的影響力。 

 

10.7 Will encourage Green parties to show leadership in establishing policies guaranteeing transparent and decentralised structures, so that political power and opportunity is extended to all members; and in developing new political models which better meet the challenges of sustainable development and grassroots democracy.  在建立透明化與中央分權結構的政策上,鼓勵各綠黨展現統御領導力,讓每個綠黨成員都能有政治權力和機會;發展新的政治模式,在面對永續發展和草根民主的挑戰時,能處理得更好。 

 

10.8 Will avoid sources of finance that conflict with our vision and values.  避免接受與綠黨價值和願景衝突的財務來源。 

 

10.9 Will avoid cooperation with dictatorships, sects, or criminal organisations and with their dependent organisations, particularly in matters of democracy and human rights.  排除與獨裁、派系、犯罪組織及其從屬組織合作,特別是在人權或民主事務上。 

 

10.10 Will strengthen our links with like-minded community organisations, and with civil society organisations such as those that mobilised in Seattle; we are one part, with them, of the growing consciousness that respect for the environment, for social and human rights, and for democracy, has to prevail on the economic organisation of the world.  強化與我們想法相近之社群團體及公民社會組織的連結,例如在西雅圖動員的團體,我們和他們,都懷著尊重環境、尊重社會和人權、尊重民主的意識,而此一日漸增長的意識,必將盛行於全球的經濟組織之上。

 

10.11 Will support each other personally and politically with friendship, optimism and good humour, and not forget to enjoy ourselves in the process!  以友誼、樂觀、愉快的心情,在個人與政治上相互扶持,並且不忘偶爾輕鬆一下!

 

 

 

 

 

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